Integrated Circuit (IC) is the cornerstone of modern electronic technology, which integrates a large number of electronic components in a tiny chip to achieve complex circuit functions. This article will introduce you to the main types of integrated circuits and the basic working principle.

Main types of integrated circuits

Integrated circuits can be categorised from a number of perspectives, and the following are some of the most common ways of categorising them:

Classification by Functional Structure

1. analogue integrated circuits: used to process continuously changing analogue signals, such as audio signals and sensor signals.

2. digital integrated circuits: processing discrete digital signals, such as computer processors and digital logic circuits. 

3. digital-analogue hybrid integrated circuits: integrated circuits that combine analogue and digital functions.

Classification by degree of integration

1. small-scale integrated circuits (SSI)

2. medium-scale integrated circuits (MSI)

3. large-scale integrated circuits (LSI)

4. Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI)

5. Ultra-Large Scale Integrated Circuits (ULSI)

6. Giant Scale Integrated Circuit (GSIC)

With the advancement of manufacturing process, the integration level is increasing and the number of transistors that can be accommodated on a single chip is also increasing.

Classification by fabrication process

1. Semiconductor integrated circuits: components including resistors, capacitors, transistors, etc. are fabricated on a silicon substrate.

2. Thin-film integrated circuits: Passive components are made in the form of a ‘film’ on an insulated substrate. 

3. thick-film integrated circuits: similar to thin-film integrated circuits, but with a thicker film. 4. hybrid integrated circuits: combines a resistor with a capacitor.

4. Hybrid integrated circuits: combining semiconductor and thin-film technologies.

Classification by conductive type

1. Bipolar integrated circuits: such as TTL, ECL, HTL, etc. 

2. unipolar integrated circuits: such as CMOS, NMOS, PMOS, etc.

The working principle of integrated circuits

The working principle of integrated circuits is mainly based on the characteristics of semiconductor materials and the function of electronic components:

Semiconductor materials

Integrated circuits mainly use silicon as the base material. By adding different impurities to silicon, regions with different conductive properties can be created, forming N-type and P-type semiconductors.

Transistors

The transistor is the most basic active component in an integrated circuit. It has three electrodes: emitter, base and collector. By controlling the magnitude of the base current, control of the current between the emitter and collector can be achieved, thus fulfilling functions such as amplification and switching.

Other Components

In addition to transistors, integrated circuits also contain passive components such as resistors and capacitors, which are used to achieve signal transmission, filtering and other functions.

Interconnections

By making metal wires on the surface of the chip, individual components are connected to form a complete circuit.

Applications of Integrated Circuits

Integrated circuits are widely used in various fields including:

1. computers and mobile devices

2. communications equipment

3. consumer electronics

4. automotive electronics

5. Medical devices

6. Industrial control systems

The development of integrated circuits has promoted the development of electronic products in the direction of miniaturisation, low power consumption and high performance, which has brought great changes to our daily life.

In short, integrated circuits, as the core of modern electronic technology, are diverse and complex. With the continuous progress of technology, integrated circuits will continue to promote the development of the electronics industry and bring more innovation and convenience to human society.


Disclaimer: The information provided on this page is for informational purposes only. We do not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the information and accept no liability for any loss or damage arising from the use of such information.

About Manufacturers

Subscription Email

Don't miss out on updates and special offers on our product information. Enter your email address, click subscribe and keep the inspiration and information flowing to your inbox. We promise to respect your privacy and never spam.

Sales program

News & Updates

BY25Q256FSSIG: A Detailed Introduction to High-Performance SPI NOR Flash ​Memory

2025-04-23

BY25Q256FSSIG is a 256Mbit high-speed, low-power SPI NOR Flash from BYTe Semiconductor that supports multiple SPI modes for industrial, consumer electronics and embedded storage applications.
  • Manufacturer New

High-precision isolated measurements: LEM LA 25-NP current sensors in photovoltaic inverters

2025-04-21

This paper comprehensively introduces the application of LEM LA 25-NP current sensors in PV inverters, covering its technical advantages of high accuracy, wide bandwidth and fast response, as well as signal conditioning, EMC and safety specifications, three-phase measurement solutions and typical application cases, demonstrating its excellent performance in high-efficiency MPPT, fault protection, and grid-connection safety.
  • Manufacturer New

Application of KAQY214STLD in Security System

2025-04-17

KAQY214STLD solid state relays are used in security systems to ensure power control of monitoring equipment, signal switching of alarm systems and stability of outdoor equipment due to their high isolation voltage, low on-resistance, wide operating temperature range and environmentally friendly design.
  • Manufacturer New

Exploring the Technical Potential and Application of STM32H750VBT6 in Smart Home Product Development

2025-04-15

Explore the technical potential and applications of the STM32H750VBT6 for smart home product development. High-performance Cortex-M7 core with up to 480MHz main frequency supports complex algorithms and multi-tasking. Rich peripheral interfaces for device interconnection and interoperability, and low-power design to extend the service life of devices. Hardware encryption and MPU for data security, RTOS support for optimised system performance. Learn how to use this high-performance microcontroller to build smarter, energy-efficient and secure home devices.
  • Manufacturer New

LTV-357T-C: The Outstanding Choice for Optocouplers | UCC INDU GmbH

2025-04-10

The LTV-357T-C is a high-performance transistor output optocoupler manufactured by Lite-On, featuring an isolation voltage of up to 3750Vrms, a wide current transfer ratio (50%-600%), and a fast response time (rise time of 4μs, fall time of 3μs). They are widely used in power supply circuits, signal transmission, industrial control and communication equipment, etc. UCC INDU GmbH, as a specialised electronic components trader, provides you with high-quality products and professional technical support!
  • Manufacturer New

AT42QT1010-TSHR: High-Performance Capacitive Touch Sensor Chip

2025-04-08

Explore AT42QT1010-TSHR: a high-performance capacitive touch sensor chip for consumer electronics, home appliances, industrial control and more. Learn about its high sensitivity, low power consumption and strong anti-interference capability to help upgrade smart devices
  • Manufacturer New

MCU popular science: from the basic composition to the application areas and market trends

2025-04-02

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the basic components, operating principles, classification and application areas of microcontroller units (MCUs), as well as discussing the market trends and suppliers of MCUs. It is suitable for technology enthusiasts, engineers and electronic semiconductor traders to help them better understand MCU technology and its applications in intelligent devices.
  • Company New

DDR1 DRAM (IS43Rxxx): An Important Milestone in Storage Technology

2025-03-31

Discover the significance of DDR1 DRAM (IS43Rxxx) in storage technology. UCC INDU GmbH offers ISSI's reliable solutions for industrial electronics and legacy systems. Learn about technical features, application areas, and future perspectives of this important memory technology.
  • Manufacturer New
Settings
We use cookies to offer you a better browsing experience and analyze site traffic. Read about how we use cookies and how you can control them by clicking on 'settings'.
PRODUCTS LIST